Upstream Introduction

-
Image result for Oil and gas upstream
              

The  oil and gas industries are usually divided into three major  sub-sectors:
i   Upstream
ii   Midstream
iii.  Downstream
 The upstream oil sector is also commonly known as the exploration and production.  
The upstream sector includes searching for possible underground or underwater crude oil and  natural gas fields, drilling exploratory wells, and subsequently drilling and operating the wells that recover and bring the crude oil and/or raw natural gas to the surface. There has been a significant shift toward including  unconventional gas as a part of the upstream sector, and corresponding developments in  liquefied natural gas (LNG) processing and transport.
        
                               Some Oil & Gas Glossary of Common Terms
Abandoned well: A well that is no longer in use, whether dry, inoperable, or no longer productive.
Acreage: Land leased for oil and gas exploration and/or land for which ConocoPhillips owns the mineral rights.
Annulus: The space between the casing and the wall of the borehole, between two strings of casing, or between tubing and casing.
Anticline: A convex-upward formation of rock layers, which may form a trap for hydrocarbons.
Appraisal Well: A well drilled as part of an exploration drilling program which is carried out to determine the physical extent, reserves and likely production rate of a field.
Aquifer: An underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt or clay) from which groundwater can be extracted using a water well.
Azimuth: Direction a horizontal well is drilled relative to magnetic North
Barrel (BBL): A unit of volume measurement used for petroleum and its products or water used or produced by the industry (1 barrel = 42 gallons).
Barrel of oil equivalent (BOE): A measure used to aggregate oil and gas resources or production, with one BOE being approximately equal to 6,000 cubic feet of natural gas.
BCF: One billion cubic feet of natural gas.
BSFe: One billion cubic feet of natural gas “equivalent”.


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

THE IMPORTANCE OF OIL DEPOT IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRIES

-
Image
An oil depot (sometimes called a tank farm, installation or oil terminal) is an industrial facility for the storage of petroleum and / or petrochemical products and from which these products are generally transported to end-users or other storage facilities. An oil depot usually has a tank, either above ground or underground, and gantries (frame) for spilling products in tank trucks or other vehicles (such as barges) or pipelines. Oil depots are usually located near oil refineries or in places where tankers containing products can unload their cargo. Some deposits are attached to pipelines from which they draw their supplies and deposits can also be fed by rail, barge and tanker (sometimes called "bridge"). Most oil depots have tank trucks that operate from their land and these vehicles transport products to service stations or other users. An oil depot is a relatively unsophisticated facility in that (in most cases) there is no processing or other processing on the si
Read more

Typical flare system in industrial plants

-
Image
 Diagrammatic representations of a typical vertical, elevated flare stack system in an industrial plant. During operations, when industrial plant equipment items are over-pressured, the pressure relief valve is an essential safety tool that automatically releases gases and sometimes liquids. Those pressure relief valves are essential by industrial design codes and standards as well as by law. The released gases and liquids are directed through large piping systems known as flare headers to a vertical elevated flare. The escaped gases are burned as they exit the flare stacks. The size and brightness of the resulting flame is determined by the flammable material's flow rate in joules per hour (or btu per hour). Majority of industrial plant flares have a vapour-liquid separator(also called a knockout drum) upstream of the flare to remove any large amounts of liquid that may go along with the relieved gases. Steam is f
Read more

The Oando forensic audit is delayed

-
Image
The delay of the Nigerian oil and gas company Oando plc's judicial audit by the Securities and Exchange Commission, SEC, is caused by "payment to auditors and other logistical problems," PREMIUM TIMES has learned. A senior SEC official told PREMIUM TIMES on Tuesday that the regulator was working to open the audit after the holidays, in 2018. The source, who spoke under strict conditions of anonymity, also referred to some of the challenges faced by the organization in the area of ​​logistics and payments to be made to external auditors. On December 5, the SEC informed Nigerians that the judicial audit of the company would begin as of the next day of notification.  But PREMIUM TIMES reported Monday that two weeks after the announcement, the regulator had not started the audit yet . "You know they (external auditors) are from the private sector and this exercise also requires money."   There may be some concerns about the payment because the auditors would
Read more